Prejudices in Workplace Essay Example for Free

Preferences in Workplace Essay Part I Select three of the personality classes beneath and name or depict at any rate 3 related generalizations for each: †¢ Race †¢ Ethnicity †¢ Religion †¢ Gender †¢ Sexual direction †¢ Age †¢ Disability |Category |Stereotype 1 |Stereotype 2 |Stereotype 3 | |Race | People say individuals of color are lethargic. |People state white individuals are savvy |People state Jews are modest yet | |and blondies are stupid. |rich. | |Religion |Wiccan Pentacle Study, love the|Gothic individuals are exceptionally unusual and |Muslims are psychological militant and ladies | |devil. |violent.|are underneath them. | |Sexual Orientation |When somebody see a female man |When somebody sees manly ladies |People state homosexuality isn't right | |and call him gay. |she is a lesbian. |and corrupt. | Part II Answer each question in 50 to 100 words identified with those generalizations. Give references to all the sources you use. What are the positive parts of generalizations, assuming any? The parts of constructive generalizations can be sure if an individual know the distinction and have the information to comprehend what an individual might be expressing. On the off chance that we want to somebody as a â€Å"jock† we are recognizing that this individual is into sports. An individual that is known to be wanted to by â€Å"Gothic† or â€Å"Punk† is a result of the kind of music they tune in to and the sort of apparel they wear. Generally nobody is irritated by this since it is authentic and clear and these are certain parts of generalizations. What are the negative parts of generalizations? The pessimistic parts of generalizations are the absence of comprehension, the obliviousness, and the marking of somebody to offend them as an individual or a gathering of individuals. An individual may see a female with a short hair style like a man and consider them a barrier without becoming more acquainted with who that individual is and expecting this is the thing that they are. Part III Answer each question in 50 to 150 words identified with those generalizations. Give references to all the sources you use. Characterize generalizations and preference. What is the distinction among generalizing and preference? Use guides to represent the distinctions. Generalization is something adjusting to a fixed or general example, a normalized mental picture that is held in like manner by individuals from a gathering and that speaks to a distorted assessments, biased disposition, or uncritical judgment. Bias is prejudgment and pessimistic demeanor dependent on sex, race, age, sexual direction, nationality, financial status, and religion towards an individual or gathering of individuals. The distinction among generalization and preference is that generalization is normalized convictions about individuals dependent on some earlier suppositions. Preference is a sort of judgment or presumption about someone before having adequate information to decide with precision. Case of generalization is all cops eat doughnuts. Case of bias is an association that recruits more guys and reject females are known to be preference. What is the connection among generalizing and bias? The connection among generalizing and partiality is that generalizing advances bias and that preference decrease relies upon generalization change. Preference likewise impacts the degree of generalizing. The significant hypothetical custom places that this impact develops in light of the fact that bias supports the utilization of generalizations as a way to legitimize cultural disparity (for example , Allport, 1954; Katz Braly, 1933; Lippmann, 1922). What should be possible to keep preference from happening? Bigotry comes from obliviousness and presumption this go connected at the hip and individuals need to comprehend and have the information not to pre-judge individuals. So as to keep bias from happening we have to start now with the manner in which we are bringing up our kids and show them not to be critical and assume individuals before we become acquainted with somebody. Show them not to accept dislike somebody as a result of the shade of their skin or where they originate from. Individuals are individuals regardless of what they may resemble, becoming more acquainted with an individual is significant and not to pass judgment superficially. Have rallies of all race and culture so individuals can have a superior comprehension of others. It begins at home show your youngsters a superior way with the goal that they will comprehend life in a superior point of view. Reference: Voices. hurray. com/generalizing, Psychology. about. com, www. merriam-webster. com/word reference, azam. organization.

Liquidated Damages free essay sample

Time and fruition are intricate regions of development law and frequently offer ascent to various lawful and down to earth issues (Tangy, 2010). A temporary worker that neglects to finish take a shot at time opens themselves to a large group of legally binding troubles where budgetary cures are every now and again forced. Unquestionably the development business in general and explicitly where a task is running behind program and has ‘missed the vessel on the finishing date’ has consistently been noticeable to the negative undertones of broad legitimate procedures, powerful legal disputes and uncertain clashes. Before considering the degree to which a temporary worker can be held at risk for neglecting to finish takes a shot at time, it is essential to set up what is really implied by the term ‘completion’. Salmon LJ on account of J Jarvis Sons Ltd V Westminster City Council (1969) expressed that finish for every commonsense reason for existing is permitting the businesses to claim the works and use them as expected. At the end of the day, the works are adequately finished for the reason for which they were structured (Nestor, 2004). Anyway it is the agreement executive that confirms when an undertaking has arrived at down to earth fruition and with every development venture demonstrating to fluctuate to a great extent in subtleties, arriving at a condition of functional culmination is no nonexclusive state. Accordingly, it tends to be contended that finishing involves perception, and in this way understanding (Nestor, 2004). As far as altering the culmination date, if the finish date is pushed ahead in time a temporary worker isn't required to consent to the first date as set in the agreement points of interest. In particular, provision 2. 28. 6. 3 makes it clear that regardless of how much work is precluded by the engineer, through utilization of provision 3. 14, the agreement time frame can't be abbreviated trying to drive the contactor to finish early. It is presently essential to outline the impact of ‘Liquidated Damages’ concerning a contractual worker conveying an undertaking that is past the predefined finish date and in this way according to the business and the agreement, late. Sold harms are a cure at the core of a venture that has overwhelmed and are portrayed as adjusted from Lal as an authentic covenanted pre-gauge of harms decided at the hour of making the agreement, not at the hour of the break (Lal, 2009). Basically, in the event that a temporary worker neglects to finish deal with time, at that point he will hand over a fixed, foreordained measure of harms (cash) for consistently, week or set period as characterized in the agreement that he is late until the works are done to the state portrayed in the agreement reports. Nestor depicts three components identifying with sold ladies concerning their recuperation and the reliance on these three variables. Initially, the works ought to have been finished by a specific date. Furthermore, that they ought to have been finished on a previous date and thirdly, that there is a pre-concurred specified entirety of cash that frames a certified pre-gauge of the misfortune that is probably going to spill out of the penetrate (Nestor, 2004). By and large, focuses one and three are of specific note as they structure the very embodiment of exchanged harms. As far as the real sum payable to the business, MCGregor adopts an intriguing strategy expressing that the typical proportion of harms for neglecting to finish a structure when required by the agreement ought to be the estimation of the utilization of the structure during the time of postponement, the worth by and large being taken as the rental worth (McGregor, 2012). It ought to likewise be noticed that condition 25 empowers the modeler to correct the finishing date in an assortment of conditions and in outcome modify the contractor’s obligation for exchanged and found out harms for delay (Trickey Hackett, 2001) The connection between a business claiming a structure and the discontinuance of sold harms is of an inborn and complex nature. There is proof of two perspectives towards collecting and exchanged harms. One such position is that, if the business claims the works, exchanged harms stop; yet in the event that the business doesn't collect, despite the fact that the works are sensibly accessible for such belonging, sold harms don't stop gave that the presence of imperfections prefaces the issue of a commonsense fruition authentication (Nestor, 2004). Then again, the business will undoubtedly claim a finished piece of the works. Yet, it is felt that were sold harms are running, a business who, in all conditions was nonsensical in denying the contractor’s offer of ownership of a finished piece of the works may be available to contentions for a corresponding decrease in exchanged harms for neglecting to moderate his misfortune (Furst Ramsey, 2012). Nestor’s position inconceivably differentiates Furst Ramsey’s and appears to infer that when works are sensible accessible for ownership and their planned use, sold harms should reach a conclusion. In case of a temporary worker neglecting to finish chip away at time, one must not just expect that sold harms are promptly guaranteed for by the business. There must be close assessment of the occasions encompassing the postponement and the ascertainment if the said delay was brought about by a ‘Relevant Event’ or any ‘Extensions of Time’. These two expressions for the most part go connected at the hip; that will be that a pertinent occasion has happened and in this manner an expansion of time to the temporary worker has been granted, considerably deleting any case for sold harms by the business for late finish. Alongside getting away exchanged harms for a late finish despite the fact that an expansion of time is given, the temporary worker may likewise be qualified for its misfortune and cost, for instance as extra primers (running the site every week) (Brawn, 2012). In this way there isn't only one purpose behind the temporary worker to guarantee for an expansion of time however two. Condition 2. 29 gives a rundown of what establishes as significant occasions in the agreement. The important occasions are varieties, guidelines of the agreement chairman, suspension of Date of Possession under condition 2. , Execution of work under an inexact amount, suspension of work by the contractual worker, any hindrance, anticipation or default by the business or employer’s specialists, legal endeavors, uncommonly unfriendly climate conditions, misfortune or harm occasioned by the predefined hazards, common upheaval, us or danger of fear based oppression, strike, the activity by the administratio n of any influence which legitimately influences the works, power majeure and delay on their piece of designated subcontractors (Murdoch Hughes, 2008). Sturdiness portrays a three phase process on the event of any of the above postponements. Right off the bat, there is an appraisal with respect to whether the deferral was brought about by a significant occasion. Besides, on the off chance that it was a significant occasion, the following inquiry is whether it caused basic postponement and thirdly, on the off chance that it did, a ‘fair and reasonable’ expansion of time ought to be allowed (generally equivalent to the time of deferral brought about by the important occasion) (Brawn, 2012). A basic postponement is one that really influences the contractor’s capacity to meet the finishing date as restrict to occupying accessible buoy time. On the off chance that a contractual worker has neglected to finish the work on schedule, in this way causing a blamable deferral, yet an applicable occasion has happened around a similar time, it is frequently muddled how expansions of time ought to apply in these circumstances of simultaneous postponement. A further trouble emerges with respect to the significance of the word simultaneous, on the grounds that most postponements are not really simultaneous, in that they start simultaneously, they are consecutive, and in that they work in equal however may begin or finish at various occasions (Brawn, 2012). It is critical that if a temporary worker neglects to finish the takes a shot at or before the culmination date the business has a privilege to end the agreement. This will be the situation if time is made of the quintessence (Murdoch Hughes, 2008). It will likewise be the situation if the break goes to the base of the agreement (Oram, 2012). Be that as it may, when the temporary worker is in penetrate of agreement through deferral, it is conceivable to make time of the substance by pulling out to the contractual worker with this impact (Murdoch Hughes, 2008). Besides, the ordinary guideline is that time isn't of the embodiment in development contracts, except if it explicitly states so. So the temporary worker is at risk for having their agreement ended and stopping to have the option to chip away at that venture. Where late culmination doesn't legitimize the business firing the agreement, the employer’s legitimate cure will be an honor of harms for penetrate of agreement (Murdoch Hughes, 2008). To be sure the inconvenience of sold harms is planned to fill in as a remuneration of misfortune and not as a punishment (Furst Ramsey, 2012). Where punishments are required nonetheless, the allotment of harms is done. This is a zone where different penetrates of agreement have happened and the business is looking to recoup a measure of cash to make up for the misfortune they have endured. It is key to this rule to get that if the agreement accommodates the issue of sold harms for neglecting to meet the predetermined finish date, the business emphatically can't make a case for some other breaks of agreement that may have happened as an impact of the carelessness of the contractual worker. The Honorable Mr. Equity Ramsey made it very clear in Biffa Leicester Ltd and Another v Maschinenfabrik Ernst GmbH and Others (2008) that whenever exchanged and discovered harms arrangements are communicated to be a finished solution for postponed consummation, they ought to be treated as a total cure (Brann, 2012). Just put this implies un-sold harms can't be granted whenever exchanged harms are set up in the agreement. In synopsis, the temporary worker, after neglecting to convey the

Doing Sales the Old Fashioned Way. Yup it’s Cold Calling.

Doing Sales the Old Fashioned Way. Yes it’s Cold Calling. The Dreaded Cold Call Does the very expression â€Å"cold calling† send shudders down your spine? A September 2014 Forbes article, 10 Sales Techniques To Never Cold Call Again, takes note of that â€Å"cold calling is a feared and overwhelming assignment that strikes dread down the backs of even the most dauntless of marketers.† I’m not an alien to cold pitching. As a genuinely new college alumni, I worked at the Volunteer Legal Services in Oakland, CA, where an aspect of my responsibilities was to call lawyers and request that they acknowledge free cases. The greater part of them said no. In any case, from that point forward, I’ve had next to no compelling reason to cold pitch and honestly have evaded it, accepting that it was essentially wasteful. At the point when Mark, one of my first informal business mentors, hollered at me since I wasn’t making enough cold pitches to find business, I conspicuously overlooked him. Nothing Else is Working! At the point when the print form of my book, How to Write a KILLER LinkedIn Profile, opened up in November 2015, I had a fantasy that the book would be gobbled up by each school book shop in the nation. However, I before long confronted the unforgiving reality this was not happening-not even somewhat. Without a distributer and its chaperon exposure machine, I had a test: How might I told school book shops about the accessibility of my book? One thing was without a doubt: My fantasy would not be acknowledged whether I didn’t accomplish something. I connected with my assets for help. A companion who has associations with school vocation administrations neglected to restore my messages and calls. â€Å"Contact the National Association of College Bookstores (NACS),† said my business mentor. So I reached NACS and found, following 3 months of pausing, that â€Å"We don’t have a decent methods for single title promotion.† I took a stab at setting off to the showcasing division at the merchant of my book (Ingram), who returned with, â€Å"It would be up to you as the ‘publisher’ to advance and market your book and direct individuals to our appropriation accomplices to put an order.† Hmm much appreciated. Taking care of business Picking Up the Phone At last, it got past my empty head that there was no simple method to do this. So I began cold pitching. To begin with, I strolled into the University of Wisconsin Bookstore in my old neighborhood of Madison. They requested two duplicates. Supported, I called the Yale Bookstore (my place of graduation). They requested two duplicates as well! That, however the Barnes Noble in Madison was glad to arrange two or three duplicates for their racks! I called some more school book shops. Some of them said no. Others, to my incredible euphoria, said yes! Here’s where my book will be conveyed as of this composition: Yale University NYU College of Wisconsin-Madison (downtown and Hilldale) College of Chicago Evergreen State College Alabama University Iowa State University College of Utah Barnes Noble, East Towne Mall, Madison, WI Here I was searching for a wide arrangement that would not require crafted by making singular calls to singular book shops. I was so stuck in deduction there must be a superior way that I passed up the chance to do it as our forefathers would have done it. When I began calling, I began getting results. Obviously I can’t potentially call each book shop in the nation and request that they convey my book. Be that as it may, I can call a ton of them, and if individuals purchase the book, eventually I believe the equalization will tip. Mentor Mark, if you’re understanding this, prepare to have your mind blown. I’m making cold pitches. Also, it’s working. On the off chance that you like How to Write a KILLER LinkedIn Profile and need to see the print book in your neighborhood Barnes Noble or other book shop, it would be ideal if you let them think about it and let me know whether I can add to the above rundown! What's more, if there’s a circumstance in your life where you’re hanging tight for a mystical arrangement, perhaps that arrangement is essentially getting the telephone, and dialing.

Issues That the Jerusalem Council Debated Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 7

Issues That the Jerusalem Council Debated - Essay Example The goals was conveyed to all Christians. The Jerusalem board is a model to the congregation today. There have risen numerous strict categories in Christianity today. These divisions have contrasted in their lessons on immersion. A few gatherings put stock in absolution by submersion while others keep up that the measure of water doesn't make a difference for up to one purports confidence in Jesus. Discussions on sexual direction and articulation have negatively affected the congregation. This distinction now and then deteriorates into open hostility and clashes. Today’s church ought to gain from the manner in which the Jerusalem board would deal with issues calmly and with discourse (Elmer 89). While in Rome, Paul stumbled into difficulty with the Jewish seniors and boss ministers. The seniors and clerics bound Paul when he would not quit lecturing about the revival of Jesus, however he was spared by the authorities of the head before they hurt him. At the point when he was taken to Emperor Felix and accused of prompting individuals and causing disorder, he shielded himself by clarifying that the individuals were just furious with him for lecturing about the revival of Jesus. Felix would not like to dig into Paul’s case. He put him in confinement until he left Caesarea. Festus his replacement came to control (Harrison 57). He returned to Paul’s case, and he contrived with Paul’s rivals to hand him over to them so they hurt him in the falsification of moving him to Jerusalem to attempt him there. Notwithstanding, Paul declined, and when he showed up before Festus and King Agrippa, he begged Caesarea as a Roman resident. He charged that he had not contradicted any roman or Jewish law, however he was just educating about the revival of Jesus.

A Critical Look at Death of a Salesman

A Critical Look at 'Death of a Salesman' Have you at any point adored a musical gang that had bunches of extraordinary tunes you appreciated? However, at that point the band’s hit single, the one everybody knows by heart, the one that gets all the broadcast appointment on the radio, isn’t a tune you especially appreciate? That’s the manner in which I feel about Arthur Millersâ Death of a Salesman. It’s his most well known play, yet I think it fails to measure up to a considerable lot of his less famous shows. In spite of the fact that it’s in no way, shape or form a terrible play, it surely is exaggerated. Wheres the Suspense? All things considered, you need to concede, the title gives everything ceaselessly. Recently, while I was perusing Arthur Miller’s regarded disaster, my nine-year-old girl asked me, â€Å"What are you reading?† I answered, Death of a Salesman, and afterward at her solicitation I read a couple of pages to her. She halted me and declared, â€Å"Daddy, this is the world’s most exhausting mystery.† I got a decent laugh out of that. Obviously, it’s a dramatization, not a riddle. Nonetheless, theâ suspense is an imperative part of disaster. Of course, when we watch a catastrophe, we completely foresee passing, pulverization, and trouble by the play’s end. Be that as it may, by what means will the passing happen? What will achieve the annihilation of the hero? At the point when I watched Macbeth just because, I speculated that it would close with Macbeth’s destruction. Be that as it may, I had no clue with respect to what might be his demise. All things considered, he and Lady Macbeth thought they’d never be â€Å"vanquished until Great Birnam wood to high Dunsinane Hill will come against him.†Ã¢ How the hell is a timberland going to betray them?! In that lies the anticipation on the grounds that, sufficiently definite, the woodland comes walking straight up to their palace! The principle character in Death of a Salesman, Willy Loman, is very easy to read. We learn at an early stage in the play that his expert life is a disappointment. He’s the low-man on the chain of command, henceforth his last name, â€Å"Loman.† (Very sharp, Mr. Mill operator!) Inside the initial fifteen minutes of the play, the crowd discovers that Willy is not, at this point fit for being a voyaging sales rep. We likewise discover that he is self-destructive. Spoiler! Willy Loman murders himself toward the finish of the play. Be that as it may, a long time before the end, it turns out to be evident that the hero is twisted upon implosion. His choice to slaughter himself for the $20,000 protection cash does not shock anyone; the occasion is conspicuously foreshadowed all through a significant part of the discourse. The Loman Brothers I make some hard memories having confidence in Willy Loman’s two children. Glad: He is the lastingly overlooked child. He has a stable employment and continues promising his folks that he’s going to settle down and get hitched. Be that as it may, as a general rule, he’s failing to go far in business and plans to rest around with whatever number floozies as could be allowed. Biff: He’s more affable than Happy. He has been drudging on homesteads and farms, working with his hands. At whatever point he gets back for a little while, he and his dad contend. Willy Loman needs him to become wildly successful in some way or another. However, Biff can’t hold down a 9-to-5 occupation to spare his life. The two siblings are in their mid-thirties. However, they go about just as they are still young men. The play is set in the profitable years following World War II. Did the athletic Lowman siblings battle in the war? It doesn’t appear it. On the off chance that they had, maybe they would be totally various individuals. They don’t appear to have encountered much during the a long time since their secondary school days. Biff has been sulking. Glad has been philandering. All around created characters have greater unpredictability. Significantly, the dad is the best piece of Arthur Miller’s play. Dissimilar to a significant number of the show’s level characters, Willy Loman has profundity. His past is a muddled knot of disappointments and undying expectations. Incredible on-screen characters, for example, Lee J. Cobb and Brian Dennehy have entranced crowds with their depictions of this notorious sales rep. Indeed, the job is loaded up with incredible minutes. Yet, is Willy Loman genuinely a heartbreaking figure? Willy Loman: Tragic Hero? Customarily, lamentable characters, (for example, Oedipus or Hamlet) were respectable and gallant. They had a deplorable imperfection, normally an awful instance of hubris. (Note: Hubris implies inordinate pride. Utilize the word hubris at mixed drink gatherings and individuals will think you’re keen! In any case, dont let it go to your head!). Conversely, Willy Loman speaks to the normal man. Arthur Miller felt that catastrophe could be found in the life of customary individuals. While I unquestionably concur, I additionally accept that catastrophe works best when the primary character’s decisions become shaved away, much like an awesome yet flawed chess player who out of nowhere acknowledges he is out of moves. Willy Loman has choices. He has a great deal of chances. Arthur Miller is by all accounts scrutinizing the American Dream, asserting that Corporate America empties the life from individuals and throws them away when they are no further use. However, Willy Loman’s fruitful neighbor ceaselessly extends to him an employment opportunity! Willy Loman decays the activity while never clarifying why. He gets an opportunity to seek after another life, however he wont let himself surrender his old, soured dreams. Rather than taking the fair paying activity, he picks self destruction. At the play’s end, his devoted spouse sits at his grave. She doesn't comprehend why Willy ended his own life. Arthur Miller would guarantee that the broken estimations of American culture slaughtered him. In any case, I accept that Willy Loman experienced infirmity. He displays a large number of the side effects of Alzheimer’s. Why couldn’t his children and his ever-mindful spouse perceive his bombing state of mind? It’s a secret to me.

Taxonomic Classification

Taxonomic Classification Taxonomic Classification Home›Science Posts›Taxonomic Classification Science PostsMicrobiology1. Microorganisms are the subject of the microbiological study that were first discovered by Antony van Leeuwenhoek (Totora, Funke, Case, 2012). They are the microscopic organisms classified into single- or many-celled ones according to their structure. Among the most widely spread examples, one can find archaea, bacteria, and protozoa. Although there is a great amount of examples of the microorganisms’ negative influence on human life, some other situations can show how they can bring benefits to the economy being used in production of yoghurt from Lactobacillus acidophilus, sauerkraut through cabbage fermentation and many other products. Rhizobium spp is used in agriculture for its abilities to transform atmospheric nitrogen to ammonia, thus improving the growth of plants. Some other microorganisms are used to produce antibiotics or other medicines.2. Taxonomy is “the science of classification of the living forms” (Totora et al., 2012). It is aimed at establishing the relations between groups and differentiating between them. Its history dated back to the Ancient Greece. The earliest history of the Western scientific taxonomy is associated with Aristotle, who has classified animals into with and without red blood ones (similarly to the distinction between vertebrates and invertebrates). Afterwards, vertebrates (with blood) were divided into live- and egg-bearing; and the invertebrates (without blood) comprised insects, crustacean, and mollusks. Since those times, the science was influenced by a number of scholars. Carl Linnaeus is considered to be the founder of the modern taxonomy.3. Five kingdoms of living things comprise Protista (that can be divided into Eubacteria and Archeobacteria), Fungi, Plantae, Animalia, and Monera. Protista mostly covers the single-celled eukaryotes and is presented by protozoa, protophyta, slime and water molds, etc. Fungi is presented by yeasts, molds, and mushrooms. Plantae comprises all green and flowering plants. Animalia is represented by all developed animals including vertebrates, mollusks, arthropods, annelids, sponges, and jellyfishes. Monera is the kingdom of unicellular prokaryotic organisms. 4. The scientific name for an organism based on Binomial Naming System is constructed using two terms. The first one denotes genus and the second one refers to species. For instance, in Homo sapiens, Homo erectus or Canis familiaris, the first words present genus and the second ones â€" species. Therefore, genus and species can be defined as the taxonomic ranks in the binominal scientific nomenclature that come one after another.Taxonomic ClassificationCnidaria and Porifera are the phyla in which the organisms lack organs. An example of Phylum Cnidaria is Jellyfish, which is radially symmetrical. Examples of organisms in Phylum Porifera include sponges and they lack symmetry on all axes (Luda ¨scher, 200 5).Phyla that show cephalisation include: Platyhelminthes and Echinodermata.Not all of them that have three germ layers. Organisms under Phylum Cnidaria have two germ layers, and organisms under Phylum Porifera do not have germ layers (Luda ¨scher, 2005).The Phylum Arthropoda has more species as compared to other Phyla. The species under Phylum Arthropoda include insects, crustaceans, and arachnids. For instance, the grasshopper, spider, beetles, butterfly, shrimps, and crabs (Luda ¨scher, 2005).There are two types of fish. They include the Cartilaginous or Chondrichthyes fishes and the bony or Osteichthyes fish. Cartilaginous or Chondrichthyes fishes, which are jawed and with paired nares, fins, two-chambered hearts, have scales, and the skeletons, are made of cartilage instead of bone. But they have bony teeth and do not have gill covers. Examples of fish under this group include sharks, skates, and rays. Another group is the bony fish also known as Osteichthyes. This group of fis h is the most common. The bony fish have bony skeleton and gill covers (Hairston, 1994).The monotremes, which are the egg-laying mammals, for instance the platypus. The Marsupials, which are the non-placental mammals, for instance the kangaroos. The marsupials have a pouch in which the young ones develop. The most advanced type of mammals is the placental mammals, for instance, the human beings. The young ones of the placental animals develop inside the placenta to a comparatively advanced stage (Gittleman, 2008).

Isolation In The Stranger Novel - Free Essay Example

  Isolation can be seen as beneficial or detrimental. Isolating ones self can reboot and unwind the brain, improve concentration, increase productivity, provide opportunities to discover yourself and find your own voice, provides time for you to think deeply, help you work through problems more effectively and enhance the quality of your relationships with others. On the other hand, people who live in seclusion perceive stress more strongly than social people, are more likely to become depressed and have worsened social interactions. The author of The Stranger in the Woods, Michael Finkel,   has tried isolating himself before, but could not withhold social interactions for more than a few hours. Finkel believes that isolation is beneficial, but interacting with humans is necessary.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   So, what is the essential nature of humanity? Is it to cooperate or dominate? It depends on both the goal, and the individual. How do humans evaluate all things, in order to make decisions? Emotional value, which is determined by a combination of our genes, our experience and knowledge, the environment, our physical, mental, and emotional states, and more. Most of these factors are constantly changing, which changes many emotional values. Humans, by will power alone, cannot alter the emotional value of anything. If we could, then we would choose to be happy all the time. Wed be able to enjoy the foods we hate, and enjoy the company of people we dislike. However, lies, half-truths, rumors, and the opinion of others, can and does alter the emotional value of most things.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The effect humans have on each other is part of what makes up the essential nature of humanity. The relationships we build, along with the opinions we develop, are what creates social patterns, behaviors, etc. After reading the biography of a man, Christopher Knight, who was a hermit for twenty-seven years, one might think that the essential nature of humanity is enhanced when alone, but in fact, it is weakened. Without human interaction, Christopher Knight had deficient social skills. Along with this, Knight was forced to turn to commiting crimes in order to survive. Knight committed more than a thousand burglaries for food and other supplies, and was caught by Terry Hughes, a determined game warden. Knight was forty-seven years old when he tripped over a surveillance sensor when stealing food from a camp for disabled people. This act lacks morality and ethics. This lack of morality and ethics could be linked to the absence of social interaction and isolation Knight has experienced for so long. Knights punishment should not be withheld or lessened primarily because he was a hermit. Knight was a hermit by choice, and therefore should face the consequences that come with hs actions. Knights living quarters included a tent covered by tarps suspended between trees, a bed, propane cooking stoves and a battery-run radio, which he used to keep up with the news and listen to talk radio and a rock station. All of the said items in Knights living quarters were stolen from Maine residents cabins. Knight did not lack all morals though, he made sure to do acts such as repairing doors and refused to steal any item of value. Even with these intentions in mind, Knight still managed to steal personal items that had sentimental value, such as the camp facilities director, Chelsey, sons timepiece. Though this timepiece was not valuable, it held sentimental meaning, for it was given to him by his grandfather. Mass amounts of emotional distress came with the robberies committed by Christopher Knight. Maine residents lost the feeling of safety within their own homes due to the fear of returning to a missing item, or even worse, a home invasion while residing in their cabin. Residents set up surveillance cameras and left offering for the hermit, but he would never be captured on camera or take the offerings. Again, these acts of invading peoples homes and robbing them of their personal items is illegal and should not be overlooked. Taking into account that being a hermit does lessen the essential nature of humanity, Knight chose to be a hermit, so has no excuse for the crimes he committed. In fact, Knight didnt use any excuse for the crimes he committed. Christopher Knight admitted he was guilty and denied any bail money he was offered. Though many people all over America considered Knight a hero, Knight was a criminal. Knight showed signs or morality when he denied innocence and rejected help from others. When he was initially arrested, the jail was a circus, according to Chief Deputy Sheriff Ryan Reardon. People offered to repair cabins Knight had broken into, a women wanted to propose marriage, someone offered to let Knight live in his cabin, free of rent. Songs were recorded and restaurants named dishes after him. Many cultures have long considered hermits founts of wisdom (page 31), explorers of lifes great mysteries(page 31), but other cultures regard hermits as cursed by the devil (page 31). Finkel explains Christopher Knight as someone to be respected and astonished by. Finkel believes that isolating yourself lets you dive into your inner depths (page 33), that may be profound or disturbing (page 33). Addressing the hermit, Christopher Knights, perspective, the author, Michael Finkel believes that Knight didnt want his life to be remembered.

Is Fire a Gas, Liquid, or Solid

The ancient Greeks and alchemists thought that fire was itself an element, along with earth, air, and water.  However, the modern definition of an element defines it by the number of protons a pure substance possesses. Fire is made up of many different substances, so it is not an element. For the most part, fire is a mixture of hot gases. Flames are the result of a chemical reaction, primarily between oxygen in the air and a fuel, such as wood or propane. In addition to other products, the reaction produces carbon dioxide, steam, light, and heat. If the flame is hot enough, the gases are ionized and become yet another  state of matter: plasma. Burning a metal, such as magnesium, can ionize the atoms and form plasma. This type of oxidation is the source of the intense light and heat of a plasma torch. While there is a small amount of ionization going on in an ordinary fire, most of the matter in the flame is a gas, so the safest answer for What is the state of matter of fire? is to say its a gas. Or, you can say its mostly gas, with a smaller amount of plasma. Different Composition for Parts of a Flame The structure of a flame varies, depending on which part youre looking at. Near the base of the flame, oxygen, and fuel vapor mix as unburned gas. The composition of this part of the flame depends on the fuel that is being used. Above this is the region where the molecules react with each other in the combustion reaction. Again, the reactants and products depend on the nature of the fuel. Above this region, combustion is complete, and the products of the chemical reaction may be found. Typically this is water vapor and carbon dioxide. If combustion is incomplete, a fire may also give off tiny solid particles of soot or ash. Additional gases may be released from incomplete combustion, especially of dirty fuel, such as carbon monoxide or sulfur dioxide. While its difficult to see it, flames expand outward like other gases. In part, this is hard to observe because we only see the portion of the flame that is hot enough to emit light. A flame isnt round (except in space) because the hot gases are less dense than the surrounding air, so they rise up. The color of the flame is an indication of its temperature and also the chemical composition of the fuel. A flame emits incandescent light, where light with the highest energy (hottest part of the flame) is blue, and that with the least energy (coolest part of the flame) is redder. The chemistry of the fuel plays its part. This is the basis for the flame test to identify chemical composition. For example, a blue flame may appear green if a boron-containing salt is present.

The Awesome World of Entrepreneurship Essay - 1218 Words

The history of entrepreneurship has been existing in the United States for decades. During the 1607 during the 19th century, the first Virginia Company sent three ships across the Atlantic and unloaded 109 passengers in Jamestown, Virginia (Gordon 1). They were embarked on a new business enterprise that they hoped would be profitable (Gordon 1). Their business was known as a joint-stock company that allowed people to invest in enterprises without running into the risk of losing everything if there business did not succeed (Gordon 1). Later in life, the Virginia Company failed to become successful by making every mistake they could make which caused them to go broke and most entrepreneurs then fail (Gordon 2). Even though there was failure,†¦show more content†¦There are many local colleges like: Babson College, Brigham Young University, University of Berkeley, California, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Michigan, University of Chapel Hill, North Carolina , University of Pennsylvania, University of Southern California, Stanford University, and Washington University in St. Louis offer undergraduate and graduate courses for future entrepreneurs (Epstein 1). Then, theres the University of Chicago, and Harvard University who offer graduate courses and the University of Houston and Princeton University who offers undergraduate course. What if there was a path to take in order to become an entrepreneur? First, you have to start with hard work, dedication, late night, continuous research, networking, sales skills, and thinking outside of the box (Mellon 1). Its also very important to choose related jobs that are similar to entrepreneurship like: being an owner, manager, director, president, and chief executive officer (http://uncw.edu/career/entrepreneurship.html). Those kind of people organize and operate the risk for business ventures like an entrepreneur according to the American Heritage Dictionary. Then, theres also a few skills that y ou should follow in order to become an entrepreneur. Those skills are being able to multitask, willing to do things, and having the tolerance for risk takingShow MoreRelatedA Brief Biography of Entrepreneurship Essay1397 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction In times of crisis, the economy needs new ideas to bring about a change to reactive safely the economy and provide more confidence to the customers. Entrepreneurship plays an important role in the sustainable growth in the economy performance. Innovation and creativity have been never easy, however, in a globalized world that is struggling to recover from a major economic crisis, they play a vital role to recover the economy, becoming the new core competencies of corporations,Read MoreGlobal Business Plan: Taskrabbit972 Words   |  4 Pagesincome. This is another good indication that Task Rabbit has the potential to succeed in Australia given it has flourished thus far in the United States. The Australian economy is a capitalist nation and is a large driver and support for entrepreneurship and innovation. The growth of their economy can partly be attributed to entrepreneurs who have created many jobs with their start up companies. With all these jobs and more people having less time to take care of their personal and administrativeRead MoreMultinational Company1144 Words   |  5 PagesThe Pepsi Cola company of the U.S operates in 114 countries. An MNC operates through a parent corporation in the home country. (3) Oligopolistic Structure : Through the process of merger and takeover, etc., in course of time an MNC comes to assume awesome power. This coupled with its giant size makes it oligopolistic in character. So it enjoys a huge amount of profit. (4) Spontaneous Evolution : One thing to be observed in the case of the MNCs is that they have usually grown in a spontaneous and unconsciousRead MoreCreating An Economic Area Of Higher Productivity And Greater Yield1480 Words   |  6 Pagesmanagement in an effort to shift their small business’s economic resources to an area of higher productivity and greater yield. By using 5 different sources, one can acquire a better understanding of what these terms mean, how they apply to the world of entrepreneurship, and how to best utilize these items in a way that allows a company to maximize their revenue and increase their company’s brand image. Throughout this paper, the company LizardBox will be showcased as well as the means by which this companyRead MoreWhy Am I Business Major? Essay1263 Words   |  6 Pages Why Am I Business Major? Dalanà © Smith To enter into the world of business it is best to earn a two-year associate’s degree in business management. Earning this can offer you opportunities. You would start from ground level and progress in the company buy furthering your education and obtaining a bachelor’s degree. Most companies who are hiring are looking for people who have at least a four year bachelor’s degree, which makes this the best choice. For top-level spots, you will most definitelyRead MoreWhy Do You Go An Online Business? Essay1294 Words   |  6 PagesSome hear about startups being bought for millions by big companies, and hatch plans to start their own internet business. Others nurture online business ideas that they think will shake the web for long-time before taking the leap of entrepreneurship. 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C.1 Better faster Cheaper smaller This refersRead MoreInternet Helps Women Entrepreneurs Overcome Hurdles1389 Words   |  6 Pagessaid Monosoff, who has also authored six books for entrepreneurs including, The Mom Inventors Handbook and Secrets of Millionaire Moms. Female Entrepreneurs Growing in Numbers Women now represent nearly a third of all entrepreneurs across the world, and their numbers are expected to keep growing. From 1997 to 2014, in the U.S. alone, women-owned companies grew by 68 percent at a time when all businesses grew by only 47 percent, according to 2014 data published by Womenable and American ExpressRead MoreLiterature Review And Critical Analysis3749 Words   |  15 PagesDirector of the Center for Entrepreneurship, University of Michigan College of Engineering, Ann Arbor attempted to distinguish 6 different techniques through which Entrepreneurs identify opportunities upon which they build their businesses (Entrepreneurship: Spotting Opportunities, 2014). These 6 techniques which may not represent all approaches were arrived at from observing patterns of behaviour and approach of various entrepreneurs spanning over 100 years (Entrepreneurship: Spotting OpportunitiesRead MoreGolda Meir Reached for the Stars Essay1560 Words   |  7 Pagesplatform to see a mire d of key words in this chapter’s sociology list: ascribed status, role expectation, role exit, role conflict, and achieved status. Meir’s story turns these words into real world examples and finally leaves the reader, as it did for me, with an awesome feeling that one person can change the world. I for one am glad that no one ever told her not to reach for the stars. Ascribed status, as noted in Sociology in Our Times the Essentials, 8th Edition, by Diana Kendall, is a social position

International Business Strategy Entry of the Asian...

International Business Strategy: Asian Latin-American Firm Entry in Europe Manufacturing Sector Introduction The primary goal of this study is to examine the strategic goals of the Asian-Latin-American firm and it sentry into the European manufacturing sector and its goals in Research and Development and product development focused on becoming one of the top technological leaders in the industry. This firm hopes to use the technological knowledge gained from the investments in Europe to develop products and product processes in their home base and to use this to expand their exports to Europe and the U.S. This telecommunications device-manufacturing firm has an international joint venture with the leading German MNC in this industry. The German MNC is unhappy with the joint ventures performance due to what it holds as theft of intellectual property by it Asian/Latin American partner. Report on International Business Strategy. The industry in which the firm is situated must be identified and all of the primary industry-specific factors that may affect the selection of the Europe country. Ins titution and cultural factors affecting the selected industry and the industry-specific factors on organizational structure and control strategies must be identified. I. 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The paper aims to spot key reasonsRead MoreWhirlpool Case Analysis11031 Words   |  45 Pagesthe coordination and integration of sourcing, manufacturing, operations, research and development and marketing activities across multiple world regions and countries is accomplished. Enterprises capable of harnessing the benefits of strategic global locations and integrate them into one single global vision are the ones that can be described as global. The industry was invented and still dominated by European and American key manufacturers. However, Asian manufacturers from Japan, Korea, and ChinaRead MoreWhirlpool Corporation7578 Words   |  31 PagesCorporation’s Global Strategy We want to be able to take the best capabilities we have and leverage them in all our companies worldwide. 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Toyota has manufacturing or assembly plants in the United States, Australia, Canada, Indonesia, Poland, South Africa, Turkey, the United KingdomRead MoreIkea - Global Marketing Report3266 Words   |  14 Pagesyears of his childhood. Ever since being established in 1943, IKEA has earned the title of the world’s largest furniture retailer, and the products being offered are portrayed to be of Scandinavian quality design, at affordable prices much like the Asian made products. Ingvar initially offered his products, beginning with basic products such as pens and jewellery, then started with the disassembled furniture that was packaged in the flat box concept they are known for, through a mail-ordering catalogueRead MoreAirborne Express 714476 Words   |  58 PagesKunnikar Ngandee Chapter 1 : Globalization Talk it Over 1. Today, international business people must think globally about production and sales opportunities. 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Responding to reports that some consumers planned to boycott Bud products to protest the deal, one industry observer said, â€Å"Brand nationality is all about where it was born, and also the ingredients of that beer and how they make the beer: Basically, it doesn’t matter who owns it. We are in a global world right now†. Do you agree? StudentsRead More7s Model Samsung5292 Words   |  22 PagesCase Study 2.: Trade and Innovation in the Korean Information and Communication Technology Sectorlt;supgt;1 lt;/supgt;. Onodera, Osamu Kim, Hanna Earl OECD Journal: General Papers; 2008, Vol. 8 Issue 4, p109-155, 47p, 34 Charts, 20 Graphs This includes the strategy of the organisation, the innovation strategy, the culture in the organisation towards risk-taking and change, the motivation of employees, cross functional learning, knowledge management and the use of internal and external

Business Process Reengineering Essay - 1589 Words

Background Business process reengineering has widely become a significant trend in enterprise organizations seeking to innovate and massage business processes. It should come as no surprise that â€Å"over the last decade, numerous organizations have significantly changed their business processes in order to remain competitive in the global market† (Hadaya Pellerin, 2008). The text analyzes business process reengineering as a business process solution for efficiently improving information systems within the context of ERP implementations. The authors suggest that â€Å"BPR is one of the best methods for determining the need to move to an ERP system and set the high level goals and project implementation scope† (Motiwalla Thompson, 2011). In†¦show more content†¦If organizations are in fact seeking to streamline business processes through business process reengineering concepts they must fully understand the BPR methodology. The systematic approach of BPR suggests five st ep methodologies which essentially provide a BPR framework to a successful implementation. The first methodology is the preparation. When analyzing BPR, â€Å"this very first step in BPR is to develop and articulate what is to be accomplished by reengineering, including goals and scope as it relates to BPR† (Motiwalla Thompson, 2011). The as-is process encompasses the functionality of teams and focuses on communicating the visions and goals of the organization. This fundamental process is key in determining the scope that the organization is willing to reengineer contingent upon the successful communication of the individuals involved in the business processes. Thirdly the â€Å"to be† phase focuses on the changes needed to ascertain the outlined objectives of the business processes. 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They say it takes far too long, creates management headaches, fails 70% of theRead MoreBusiness Process Reengineering ( Bpr ) Essay1538 Words   |  7 PagesINTRODUCTION Business process reengineering (BPR) is a management strategy for the business, a leader in origin in the early 1990s, with an emphasis on analysis and design workflow and business processes within the organization. BPR, which aims to help organizations fundamentally rethink how to do their job in order to improve customer service significantly, reduce operational costs and become competitive on a global level. Financial institutions and banks are constantly called upon to provide customerRead MoreA Critique on Business Process Reengineering1203 Words   |  5 PagesA CRITIQUE on Reengineering Work: Don’t Automate, Obliterate by Michael Hammer Harvard Business Review July-August 1990 Summary Hammer emphasises the futility of using Information Technology to mechanise the existing processes. 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Tutor: - Dr. Basil Dudin MIDDLESEX UNIVERSITY, DUBAI Tutor: - Dr. Basil Dudin MIDDLESEX UNIVERSITY, DUBAI BIS 3324 STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT AND INFORMATION SYSTEMS   INDIVIDUAL ESSAY By Iroegbu Osinachi Bertrand M00272549 Bi059@live.mdx.ac.uk BIS 3324 STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT AND INFORMATION SYSTEMS   INDIVIDUAL ESSAY

An examination of the importance of going onto higher education and the impact that has on employability Free Essays

I am going to explore to what extent does attending university (higher education) have an impact on the graduate’s employability. There are three sub research questions I will be focusing on. Firstly, I will be analysing the benefits and problems there are of going onto university in the hope of increasing employability. We will write a custom essay sample on An examination of the importance of going onto higher education and the impact that has on employability? or any similar topic only for you Order Now In order, to do this I will be identifying the relevant corpus of academic and policy related literature and documentation concerning university and employability. The reason for this is that it is vital to realise that it’s still important to assess existing knowledge that’s associated with education and compare it with my research. Secondly, I will be focusing on to what extent has investing in a degree and other financial costs such as accommodation for example with going onto university has achieved the desired outcome for degree graduates. To find out this information, I will be looking at degree graduates, and how they believe their employability has affected their employability. Finally, I will be looking at how 18 years not going onto HE, to what extent has that helped their desired outcome. I am now going to briefly explain the structure of my report. I will now provide a critical literature review analysing policy documents and academic literature and review what others have done. This will show how my research fits in with what others have done about my subject. This is my first research objective as I’ve mentioned earlier. I will then explain my research project and methodology used to gather and analyse data. After, I have decided my methodological approach; I will then report my research results. I will undertake a critical analysis of public perceptions and carry out a small study, and provide evidence in my appendix to verify my research results. I will then discuss my findings in a critical manner and relate my results back to the literature material. In my ethical form under proposed methodology, I mentioned that I would find out information by not only questionnaires and face-to-face interviews, but also surveys. I have decided not to do surveys and face-to-face interviews the reason being is that it is very difficult to access surveys associated to my area of study. Moreover, the time and money spent on getting this information would hinder time being spent on my study. Therefore, as a result I have decided to exclude the use of surveys in my research. I am not doing face-to-face interviews because of the availability of time for other students to be available to answer questions. In order, to resolve this problem I am going to add open-ended questions in my questionnaire to get insight. Progressing onto university (higher education) can greatly enhance wherever you want to go in the future. The reason for this is, that it illustrates to employers the ability to acquire information in a specialised subject. (Directgov. 2005. ‘ The benefits of higher education’ [online] Available from http://www. direct. gov. uk/en/EducationAndLearning/UniversityAndHigherEducation/index. htm [Accessed 3 Jan 2007]) Therefore, this stands to reason graduates coming out of university and entering employment will have higher earning potential to those who don’t go on to higher education. However, in a report in the telegraph it stated that a third of university graduates are in jobs that do not require a degree in 2004-05. This brings out the question; does it really enhance career prospects? In the same article, Boris Johnson says about a degree. ‘It is a wonderful thing to have irrespective of the kind of job you are doing. ‘ I am very critical of this statement because the main reason of going into higher education is to enhance your career. What is the point of attaining a degree, if it doesn’t? (Smith. H {25th July 2006} ‘Third of graduates in non-graduate jobs’ Telegraph [online] Available from http://www. telegraph. co. uk/news/main. jhtml? xml=/news/2006/07/23/nuni. xml Accessed 17th December 2006]) Is it right from degree graduates to find difficulty in finding graduate jobs and fall into ‘non-graduate jobs’? In which they could of entered prior going to university and without the associated financial costs? I aim to find out the value of a degree in the economic market and whether it is actually worth it considering the New Labour’s target of 50% for 18-25 year olds to enter HE. The more graduates flooding the market, the less graduate jobs would be available? There are contrasting views of going into higher education. The article written by Directgov provides a biased view of higher education, in my opinion. The reason being is that Directgov is a site produced by the Central office of Information, associated with the government. As a result, it will would emphasis the benefits of the HE, and they would do this to reach their target of 50%. In contrast, to the telegraph newspaper, there could be a tendency to over exaggerate words and statistics, in order to engage the ready and boost sales. I have chosen this topic of research as education as it affects not only me but also people around me. I am investing my time and money in a degree in the hope of attaining a qualification, which will enhance my career prospects, but in the current climate, it may not. Therefore, which is the best route for a successful career (a graduate/non-graduate) and does it matter? I will explore and come up with conclusions to these questions later on in my report, by collecting and analysing information. I will be gathering both quantitative and qualitative data. Quantitative data is data in which can be categorised and have a numerical relationship. Whereas, qualitative data the information can’t be categorised numerically, the data type is unstructured and may involve long sentences. (Becker S and Bryman A. 2004. ‘Understanding research for social policy and practise’ pp 403-4) Quantitative research illustrates indicators to act as a measure that can stand for a point. Therefore, it can show relationships between variables (independent and dependent. ) For example, if the taxes are increased these would mean that there would be more financial muscle for public services. The questionnaires that the people fill in will help provide this type of information and to show correlations between variables. In contrast, to qualitative data where the main aim is to understand people’s beliefs, values and behaviour. The qualitative data I will gain from face to face interviews will help me to explain the quantitative data. (Becker S and Bryman A. 2004. ‘Understanding research for social policy and practise’ pp 92-7) I am going to ask ten people who are graduates and that are a non-graduate on their views on higher education. This will aid me into find finding some conclusions on this issue. There is a different questionnaire for graduates and non-graduates . The questionnaires are available in the appendix. Prior to giving out my questionnaires I had to pre test these questions to check that they are as clear as possible. I did this by asking the general public on their views and amending any necessary faults in the questions. I have to reassure the sample of respondents that I will not disclose any personal details and that the research details will remain confidential. In my questionnaire, I didn’t ask for their name, as I see that it is of no relevant to the study. I am now going to discuss the results I have discovered in my research. In the first section of the questionnaire, I have included a question about the respondent’s ethnicity. In my opinion, this is a question worth asking, because of evidence being illustrated that there is a trend. Gary Craig, professor of Social Justice in 2002, interviewed 16-18 year olds about their experiences of not being in education. ‘ Of the 64 young people interviewed, 41 were of African- Caribbean, Pakistani and Bangladeshi origin. Craig G and Britton L. 2002. ‘Missing connexions’? Bristol/York: The policy press 4 (2) p. 39-41) This is backed up by my research as, only 10% of the university graduates I interviewed were black. Despite, the figures the research done by Gary Craig, can’t be completely related to my research as he interviewed the 16-18 year old category. Despite, Gary Craig focusing on a different age category to me (18 and onwards), the issue of the high number of African Caribbean not going onto HE, in comparison to other ethnic groups, stems from an early age. An article in the Times shows that only 27% of African- Caribbean achieve five or more GCSEs at grades A*-C. (Baldwin T. {13 March 2005} ‘ It’s not race that keeps black boys back’ The Times [online] also available from http://www. timesonline. co. uk/tol/comment/article426390. ece [Accessed 2nd January 2008]) In the same article it is mentioned that Trevor Phillips the chairman of the commission for racial equality. He did an experiment and found that black boys performed 12% better from all different races. This has sure to raises eyebrows with comprehensive secondary schools. In 1956, labour politician Anthony Crosland, introduced the idea that the pupils in secondary schools be streamed into separate classes according to their academic ability. ‘ In my opinion, with the influence of Trevor Phillips’s findings, I think we should question the way the pupil are ‘streamed. ‘ (Alcock P. 2003 ‘ Social Policy in Britain,’ Second edition pp. 44-5) The reasons why graduates decided to go to university were to increase their chances of employability, higher earning potential and enhance personal development, as I expected. Whereas, the non-graduates suggested that they didn’t have the discipline and motivation to stay in education any further. They also felt that they weren’t getting anything out of the years they had stayed in education before they left. In 2006, a study from the department for education and skills (DfES) found that the earnings between graduates and being educated at A Level is 45%. (Prospects Career Service Desk. ‘ How do graduates and non-graduates salaries compare? ‘ Available at http://www. prospects. ac. k/cms/ShowPage/Home_page/Main_menu___Research/Labour_market_information/Labour_market_FAQs/How_do_graduate_and_non_graduate_salaries_compare_/p! elkFpLg;jsessionid=a630e2bd2c3b6b3225f1 [Accessed 2nd January]) The public perception of the benefits of going onto HE still remains and is clearly shown in my research. In the second question, I asked the respondent’s to answer on a scale of 1-10 to answer how had a university degree helped their career . The mean answer yielded a value of 8. 7, in comparison to the non-graduates with a value of 4. 5. This shows that the public are aware of the benefits and importance of HE. The reasons included that the graduates felt they took their education as far as they can, to enable them with to have the best opportunities as possible. One candidate actually mentioned Labour’s government target of 50% of 18-25 year olds going into HE, which meant the value of a degree, is still invaluable. In contrast, to the non-graduates they stated that since they didn’t follow through with education, they were left with limited opportunities that have affected their career. 60% of the candidates mentioned that they were always going to be second best to those who gone into HE. Despite, all the benefits of going into HE, in the current climate it is difficult to find jobs for graduates. In the article, in the telegraph it mentioned that over a third of graduates were in jobs in which they couldn’t see the benefits of being a graduate in the first place. (Smith. H {25th July 2006} ‘Third of graduates in non-graduate jobs’ Telegraph [online] Available from http://www. telegraph. co. uk/news/main. jhtml? xml=/news/2006/07/23/nuni. xml [Accessed 17th December 2006]). My research illustrates this point as only 40% of the graduates felt that they have been helped with investing in HE. The remaining felt that their university degree hasn’t helped them as yet, but will do in the long run. The graduates have faith with the opportunities of HE, despite being in a current role, in which they couldn’t see the benefits of HE. 95% of the total respondents would recommend an 18 year old to enter HE. The graduates felt that it is essential for personal development, two candidates mentioned ‘ to find yourself. ‘ Going onto university does have many benefits, like expanding you social scene, broadening horizons and learning more about the world we live in. These benefits help graduates in choosing the right and suitable path they want to go in terms of a job, because of the job prospects. In my opinion and my research shows this is that HE is important in the economic market. The literature documents I have used, doesn’t mention the class of students who got 1st, 2. 1 etc. This could explain why graduates were in ‘ non-graduate’ jobs. The research they have provided could have been more extensively. As we all know, the majority of university students are not going to get 1st class degree, as a result, they may not get their desire job. The job market has become such a competitive, as more and more students are going into HE. Therefore, it is becoming increasing likely that graduate jobs are going to be offered to those who have graduated with a 1st class from a top university. This raises the issue, why is the government raising the tuition fees and still wants people to go into HE? Is it right for someone who is attending university with the exception of Oxford pay the same fees? These are issues, which still need to be considered, because of university league tables. The university league tables have enabled employers to judge how well universities are doing. Therefore, is it right that the university which is last in the table be paying the same fees as the university at the top, whilst the job opportunities would be reduced? This area is very broad and brings about different questions, which still need to be looked. When New Labour took over they said their priorities is ‘education education education. ‘ Blair was quoted, as saying he wants to still ‘technocratic values,’ in which he wants the country to be as educated as possible, which in turn would have a positive effect on the economy. To what extent does attending university have an effect on the graduate’s employability? From my research, I have gathered that HE does help you in terms of employability, to what extent? It depends on the individual, if they are attending at a good university and enter the job market with a good class degree. There is no reason that the HE, can increase employability and the individual’s career. The full extensive benefits of HE can be seen, if the individual makes use of this education to the best of their ability. It all depends on the individual. How to cite An examination of the importance of going onto higher education and the impact that has on employability?, Papers

Electric Utilities And Deregulation free essay sample

Examines the background of public utilities regulation, legal limits on government, court cases, effects of deregulation on industry and consumers. DEREGULATION OF THE ELECTRIC UTILITY INDUSTRY This research paper discusses various legal aspects of the deregulation of the electric power industry in the United States, especially the legal constraints on the power of government, state and federal, to regulate the industry and the rights of the electric utilities (EUs) to recover through the public rate-making process costs and commitments undertaken by them before deregulation becomes fully effective. Generally, the regulatory power of state governments stems from their police powers to regulate an industry which affects the public interest. Constitutional limitations on that power under the Fifth Amendment and the Contract Clause are relatively weak: however, the industry can be expected to use its considerable leverage with state public utility commissions (PUCs) to work out

Gattaca Essay Example For Students

Gattaca Essay Gattaca Essay What is genetic engineering, after all, but preemptive plastic surgery? Make the child perfect in the test tube, and save money later. Roger Ebert Imagine a society where everyone is more intelligent and healthier than you. Imagine a society where your genetic makeup-engineered or natural-determines the job for which you are eligible, whether or not you can be insured, and who associates with you. -Dave Rettig At a time when we read about cloned sheep and the unraveling of the human genome, the science in Gattaca is theoretically possible. In the futuristic world of Gattaca, society has developed the technology to manipulate human procreation and design children with impeccable genetic compositions. The manipulation of genes that is in Gattaca is the same consumer fashion that people undergo now in liposuction or wearing tinted contact lenses. You were not normal if you are a faith birth or God child; you were the minority. Vincent, a faith birth, faced great challenges in life compared to his brother Antawn who was genetically enhanced. You have to be a perfect baby to be recognized in Gattaca. Nobody knows the real truth of what a perfect baby is; they just have their own opinions. Catherine Baker states that ;they were for the most part well to do, educated, white, Protestant, and descended from northern Europeans;(2). This description holds true because generally they are the upper class who can afford these screenings Copyright 1999-2004 Essaycrawler, LLC .

Psychological Egoism Vs Ethical Egoism

Egoism refers to a corruptive attribute of modern societies which makes people to prioritize their own self-interests more than anything else. It can also be defined as the view that human action is guided by individual human needs. A while ago, ethical egoism was considered to be a perspective that was closely related to the ideas of psychological egoism. Distinction between the two is, however, desirable in order to maintain the difference between what people do and what they should do (Maccarelli 1).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Psychological Egoism Vs Ethical Egoism specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Psychological egoism shows the nature of human motivation. It states that human beings are motivated by selfish interests and that a seemingly selfless act is actually self serving. For example, if Peter buys his girlfriend a new dress, he does so selfishly because he wants to be associated with a girl who wears expensive dresses. Additionally, if Dan fails to go on a trip with his classmates in order to help a sick friend, he does so selfishly because he this is what he wants to do. He also does so in order to be recognized as a good person. Another reason for being left with his friend could be because he wants to avoid feeling guilty for leaving his sick friend alone (Weber 1). Thus being left with his friend will make him feel better. Ethical egoism has a normative perspective towards human action and it states that human actions ought to be aimed at the fulfillment of individual wants and desires. This is the case regardless of the morals of the action that is bound to fulfill the wants and desires of the individual. Thus, if Kennedy wants to lie for his benefit, this is the right action for Kennedy to take regardless of the effects that the lie will have on the other person. Additionally, if Beth wants to gain wealth and then guard her sexual morality, this is the right thing for her to do because it is what she desires. With this argument, ethical egoism promotes unethical behavior (Maccarelli 2 – 3). Ethical egoism is subjected to a lot of criticism due to its disregard of morals. As discussed, according to ethical egoism, the right thing to do is that which fulfils the desires of the doer. This is utter disregard of what is morally right in the society. Human wants and desires are normally against the moral expectations of the society and thus ethical egoism can be viewed as a drawback to the upkeep of morals. On the other hand, psychological egoism explains reasons for human actions using motivational reasoning and thus it does not conflict with norms. With this argument, therefore, psychological egoism is better than ethical egoism (Weber 1).Advertising Looking for essay on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The motivation of a person to act in his/her own self-interest does not mean that what they are motivated to do is what they ought to do. This is a layman explanation of the distinction between psychological and ethical egoism. The distinction makes us realize how difficult it is to do what is right. It is wrong to reject ethical conduct altogether (Maccarelli 2) due to stipulations of ethical egoism. This is shows the weakness of ethical egoism since it supports wrong action. Ethical behavior entails disregarding self interest and considering the moral rights of others. Therefore, regardless of the stipulations of human psychology, human beings should value the moral significance of others. Works Cited Maccarelli, Sarah. â€Å"Psychological Egoism Vs. Ethical Egoism.† 2006. Web. Weber, Elijah. â€Å"Ethical Vs. Psychological Egoism: The Difference and Why It Matters.† 2009. Web. This essay on Psychological Egoism Vs Ethical Egoism was written and submitted by user Isaias P. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Free Essays on Early Theories Of Motivation

In the early theories of motivation there are three theories: Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs, McGregor’s Theories X and Y, and Herzberg’s Motivation-Hygiene Theory. Although explanation of motivation has changed over the years, you should be familiar with these early theories for two reasons. The first reason is they represent the foundation from which contemporary motivation theories were developed. Secondly, practicing mangers continue to regularly use these theories and their terminology in explaining employee motivation. One of the early theories of motivation is the Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs Theory which is the best known theory of motivation. Abraham Maslow was a humanistic psychologist who proposed that within every person is a hierarchy of five needs. These five needs consist of physiological, safety, social, esteem, self-actualization needs explanation as follows: A physiological need is food, drink, shelter, sexual satisfaction and other physi cal requirements, Safety needs: security and protection from physical and emotional harm, as well as, assurance that physical needs will continue to be met, Social needs: affection, belongingness, acceptance, and friendship, Esteem needs: internal esteem factors such as self-respect autonomy, and achievement and external esteem factors such as status, recognition and attention, Self-actualization needs: growth, achieving ones potential and self-fulfillment, the drive to become what their capable of becoming. Maslow argued in terms of motivation that each level in the hierarchy must be substantially satisfied before the next is activated and that once a need is satisfied if no longer motivate behavior. Therefore, as each need is substantially satisfied, the next need becomes dominant. Understand from a viewpoint of motivation Maslow’s Theory proposed that although no need is ever fully satisfied. A substantially satisfied need will no longer motivate an individual. Accordin ... Free Essays on Early Theories Of Motivation Free Essays on Early Theories Of Motivation In the early theories of motivation there are three theories: Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs, McGregor’s Theories X and Y, and Herzberg’s Motivation-Hygiene Theory. Although explanation of motivation has changed over the years, you should be familiar with these early theories for two reasons. The first reason is they represent the foundation from which contemporary motivation theories were developed. Secondly, practicing mangers continue to regularly use these theories and their terminology in explaining employee motivation. One of the early theories of motivation is the Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs Theory which is the best known theory of motivation. Abraham Maslow was a humanistic psychologist who proposed that within every person is a hierarchy of five needs. These five needs consist of physiological, safety, social, esteem, self-actualization needs explanation as follows: A physiological need is food, drink, shelter, sexual satisfaction and other physi cal requirements, Safety needs: security and protection from physical and emotional harm, as well as, assurance that physical needs will continue to be met, Social needs: affection, belongingness, acceptance, and friendship, Esteem needs: internal esteem factors such as self-respect autonomy, and achievement and external esteem factors such as status, recognition and attention, Self-actualization needs: growth, achieving ones potential and self-fulfillment, the drive to become what their capable of becoming. Maslow argued in terms of motivation that each level in the hierarchy must be substantially satisfied before the next is activated and that once a need is satisfied if no longer motivate behavior. Therefore, as each need is substantially satisfied, the next need becomes dominant. Understand from a viewpoint of motivation Maslow’s Theory proposed that although no need is ever fully satisfied. A substantially satisfied need will no longer motivate an individual. Accordin ...

Canadian Economic Policy and Institutions Assignment

Canadian Economic Policy and Institutions - Assignment Example It is thus a fight that teachers may find themselves fighting alone while the students’ parents take little part (Smith 18). The drinks expose the students to many lifestyle diseases among them obesity and general weight gain. These diseases cost the state much in terms of medical expenses and reduced productivity among the workers affected. If students can be kept off soft drinks and most SSBs, controlling the diseases shall be an easy task to undertake. Type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome are other direct effects of a high consumption of SSBs. While these reduce students’ participation in the learning process, their overall effects are felt all through the consumers’ lives. Reduced productivity and high medical expenses mean little development in general (Oliver 10). The intake of SSBs has also been found out to replace the consumption of milk with the eventual effect that dental diseases like dental carries become more and more prevalent among the students. Other lifestyle diseases resulting from weak bones as a result of little intake of calcium include the development of rickets and weak hair and nails. The lack of calcium is a direct effect of consuming soft drinks most of which have little or no calcium. It is also assumed that the New York mayor had in mind that drinks and foods sold outside of federal school meal programs do not necessarily meet federal nutritional standards.

Bloom syndrome Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Bloom syndrome - Essay Example Bloom disease predisposes individuals to cancer as it causes pro activity in suppressor cells that alters the division of cells to a hyperactive state (Cox, 2009). This disease is common amongst the Jews; the casualties appear short in stature and are sensitive to sunlight. The study of the journal considered purposed to establish the efficacy of BTB complex in Double Holliday Junction dissolution in prevention of crossovers. Indeed the study shows that dissolution of the DHJ using BTB is possible only with the combination of energy provider, ATP that is hydrolyzed by BLM and the complex mixed with a protein complex, Fanconi ammonia. This article I have to admit that the article embraces all the scientific controls and procedures that were well programmed and followed to ensure that the objective and hypothesis of the study is tracked to produce results that satisfies both validity and reliability. Notwithstanding, the article is short of coherency and unequivocal state of the object ives of the study amongst other oversights. Introduction Bloom disease is one of the rarest diseases that are known today, it is a genetically disease that occurs in a homozygous recessive situation. The disease occurs due to the crossing over of the chromosomes during cell division, i.e. meiosis (Modrich, 2006). During this stage of cell division, fragment of the Deoxyribonucleic Acids (DNA) are realized due to the unwinding nature of the DNA at this stage. These fragments later rejoin randomly leading to alteration of the initial genomic structure and one resultant features is the bloom disease (Modrich, 2006). Specifically, bloom disease due to the changes discussed above occurs due to mutations at the BLM gene (Cohen, 2004). The disease is hereditary and can be passed to the offspring by the parents who are carriers. Bloom disease is known to be responsible for a number of misfortunes in human beings; the disease causes cancers as it makes the regulatory genes in the human body to be hyperactive leading to the uncontrolled proliferation of cells causing cancers (Tropp & Freifelder, 2008). The occurrence of cancers in this case is observed even in young children, this has made the disease to be known for causing old age diseases in children. The individuals with this disease also show a short a stature and may prompt acquisition of other medical conditions like diabetes type II, color change of the skin making the individuals to be vulnerable and sensitive to sunlight, and chronic pulmonary disease (Tropp & Freifelder, 2008). The prevalence of the disease is high amongst the Jews and that for every one hundred Jews, there is an individual with the bloom disease (Modrich, 2006). The article critique has revolved around the bloom disease in the capacity of mitigating the cause and finding the most appropriate item to be used in mitigation efforts. The article identifies the disease and looked at how it occurrence and the factors that accelerate its occurrence . The gene responsible for this disease is identified as BLM. BLM is found in the human genome and is one of the human RecQ genes (Waldman, 2004). RecQ genes are important in the maintenance of genetics in both the prokaryotes and the eukaryotes. In prokaryotes, the RecQ genes are important in ensuring that the structure of the genome is maintained despite the gene recombination that takes place in the bacteria (Waldman, 2004). There are about five RecQ genes in human of which all strive to maintain the originality of the genome in order to arrest erratic gene disruption that may cause genetic disorder of bloom’

Acupuncture for Chronic Headache in Primary Care

Acupuncture for Chronic Headache in Primary Care Research Critique Introduction Research involves the use of systematic procedures to answer an inquiry. It involves data collection, synthesis and analysis in the light of the question or inquiry; and formulation of conclusions and recommendations, (Badke, 2004). General types of research include experimental studies which â€Å"are used to test the effect of a treatment or intervention†, (Peat, 2001, p. 16). Clinical trails fall under the broad category of experimental trials. Clinical trials are controlled experiments with patients, which range from â€Å"studies to prevent, detect, diagnose, control and treat health problems to studies of the psychological impact of a health problem and ways to improve people’s health, comfort, functioning, and quality of life†, (Brooten, 2006, p.86). Generally, clinical trials can be categorised into either randomised trials or non-randomised trials. This paper will try to evaluate the scientific research conducted by Vickers and colleagues (2004), entitled: Acupuncture for chronic headache in primary care: large, pragmatic, randomised trial, which was published on 15 March 2004 at the British Medical Journal. This particular topic was selected due to its relevance to this field of study. Numerous insights from this field of study and valuable best practice information in quantitative research methods can be gained from undertaking this critiquing task. This critique will be carried out using the research framework for critiquing health research formulated by Caldwell and co-workers (2005), which provides a comprehensive set of criteria against which the elements of the research article by Vickers and colleagues (2004) can be appropriately measured. This paper will first evaluate the overview of the study, including the abstract, literature review and the methodology used. Next, it will critically analyse issues concerning resear ch ethics, data protection and research funding. Then, it will evaluate the reliability, validity of the research results, including the sampling methods employed. It will then identify the specific strengths and weaknesses of the research article. Finally, the concluding judgement about the research article will be presented. Below are the definitions of selected important terms used in the research article: Acupuncture – pertains to the â€Å"technique of traditional Chinese medicine, in which a number of very fine metal needles are inserted into the skin at specially designated points†, (â€Å"Acupuncture†, 2007). ANCOVA – stands for ‘analysis of covariance’ which is a statistical treatment that combines analysis of variance (ANOVA) and regression; whereby â€Å"the predictable component of the individual differences can be removed with regression analysis†, (Anderson, 2001, p. 283). Chronic – â€Å"all impairments or deviations from normal that have one or more of the following characteristics: are permanent; leave residual disability; are caused by nonreversible pathological alteration; require special training of the patient for rehabilitation; or may be expected to require a long period of supervision, observation or care†, (Sidell, 1997, p. 1) Negative binomial regression – â€Å"is one of a class of mixed Poisson models that mix a second source of variance with the Poisson variance to account for overdispersion†, (Cohen, et al., 2003, p. 531). Outcome measures – â€Å"reflect patient health status at either the individual or the aggregate (population) level†, (Stommel Wills, 2004, p. 234). Randomised trial A randomised trial is a clinical trial that pertains to â€Å"an experiment in which therapies under investigation are allocated by a chance mechanism†, (Brooten, 2006, p.86). Sham Treatment – is the experimental treatment that â€Å"has no effect and which subjects cannot distinguish from the active treatment â€Å"(Peat, 2001, p. 20). Critical Analysis In March 15, 2004, the BMJ Publishing Group Ltd, a wholly owned subsidiary of the British Medical Association, published the research article in its medical journal, the British Medical Journal (BMJ). Its â€Å"print BMJ has been published continuously since 1840, and now appears in four weekly editions, varying only in their advertising content. Together, their circulation totals about 122 000 copies, of which 10 000 are distributed outside Britain†, (BMJ, undated). Its website provides â€Å"the full text of everything published in the print journal since 1994, as well as much material unique to the web†, (BMJ, undated).These make the BMJ Publishing Group Ltd. an influential and authoritative source of medical articles. The authors are recognized medical practitioners with different fields of specialisations. Andrew Vickers is an assistant attending research methodologist at the Integrative Medicine Service, Biostatistics Service, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center in New York; Rebecca Rees is a research officer at the Evidence for Policy and Practice Information and Co-ordinating Centre (EPPI-Centre), Social Science Research Unit in London; Catherine E Zollman is a general medical practitioner from Montpelier Health Centre in Bristol; Rob McCarney is a research officer at the Department of Psychological Medicine, Imperial College in London; Nadia Ellis is lecturer Department of Health and Social Sciences, Coventry University in Coventry; and both Peter Fisher, who is the director of research and Robbert Van Haselen who works as the deputy director of research are from Royal London Homeopathic Hospital. Thus, based on their qualifications, the authors have the credibility, needed knowledge and e xpertise to engage in an extensive scientific study such as the article being evaluated. The article is appropriately titled as Acupuncture for chronic headache in primary care: large, pragmatic, randomised trial, since it essentially focussed on the effectiveness of the use of acupuncture to relieve chronic headache. Moreover, the title expressly implies that the methodology utilizes a large sample in the randomised trial. The abstract appears to be concise and complete. In a few paragraphs, the essential research components were summarised in the abstract, namely: (1) the research objective; (2) setting; (3) participants; (4) interventions; (5) main outcome measures; (6) results; and (7) conclusions. The abstract provides the complete key information that the readers need to fully understand the article. The introduction explained the health costs related to headache, which is the main topic of the article, including the need to apply other approaches in its treatment, particularly, acupuncture. The introduction also provides the main aim or rationale of the study, whi ch was: â€Å"to estimate the effects of acupuncture in practice† in general; and â€Å"to determine the effects of a policy of ‘use acupuncture’ on headache, health status, days off sick, and use of resources in patients with chronic headache compared with a policy of avoid acupuncture†, in particular, (Vickers et al., 2004). However, the literature review was limited to only one source of published work – the Cochrane review of 26 randomised trials. This would be very insufficient in terms of the extent of evaluating available sources of information related to the topic of the study. Moreover, it does not provide a comprehensive evaluation of scholarly work from which the rationale of the study could be based. The study is a quantitative research, since the data obtained are represented in the form of numbers and statistical treatment was employed to interpret the data gathered (Grinnell Unrau, 2005, p. 62). Despite the lack of implicit statement of the hypothesis, the audience or reader can obtain a general notion or idea of what is being tested (the effectiveness of acupuncture in the treatment of chronic headache). However, the variables were not clearly defined. Nevertheless, the procedures employed in the methodology were intricate and systematic. The participants were clearly identified and adequately described in the study. In the accrual of patients, several stages were established to facilitate the flow and recruitment of participants. Figure 1 in the appendix illustrates the flow of participants in the study. Moreover, ethical principles were upheld during the conduct of participant recruitment. Since most legal instruments expressly prohibit the use of human subjects for medica l research, the researchers obtained written informed consent from the participants. The researchers implemented a system to ensure randomization of the study through a ‘password protected database’, thereby eliminating the potential for bias and subsequently improving the quality of the results. As Peat (2001, p. 28), explains: â€Å" in randomised controlled trials, the quality of the evidence is improved if measurement bias, such as observer or reporting bias, is reduced by using objective outcome measurements and if observers are blinded to the group status of the subjects. The method of data collection proves to be valid and reliable, as evidenced by the relatively high number of treatments (12 treatments) employed over a sufficient length of time (3 months). Moreover, a follow-up procedure was implemented to generate â€Å"a global estimate of current and baseline headache severity†, (Vickers, et al., 2004). This further enhanced the validity of the results. The large sample size helped ensure the reliability of the results. Additionally, t he use of measurable outcomes such as the Likert scale of headache severity helped eliminate bias by extending common measurement criteria for the respondents. The article correlated its results with the findings in â€Å"prior literature on acupuncture†, (Vickers, et al., 2004), suggesting a high degree of validity of results generated. The presentation of results was systematic and at the same time, clear and comprehensive. The results portion explained the process of participant recruitment including the flow of participants through the trial, patient compliance and dropout rate and their characteristics. It also provided a clear explanation of data that were obtained with accompanying tables and graphs. Thus, the audience can easily comprehend the results obtained. In the discussion, the results generated were translated into the main findings of the study which were stated in a clear, yet simple manner. Moreover, the strengths and the limitations were identified and discussed clearly. The strengths of the research article are anchored on its methodology, such as in the recruitment of participants with a large sample size, the implementation of a system to conceal the randomization and the meticulous follow-up procedure one year after the experiment. Such procedures helped ensure that the research findings are reliable and valid. On the other hand, one of the limitations of the study is the absence of sham acupuncture for the participants, thereby failing to consider the potential placebo effects. Additionally, the participants were not blinded in the study; thereby raising the possibility of bias in terms of the participants’ assessments of their headache scores. In terms of the literature review, the article failed to provide an objective evaluation of a sufficient body of literature related to the topic of the research. Thus, it failed to address the gaps in knowledge related to acupuncture and chronic headache due to the lack of an extensive evaluation o f available literature. Conclusion In the final analysis, the research article serves as an additional source of authoritative and credible information regarding the use of acupuncture for the relief of chronic headache. The findings of the study strongly support available scientific evidence. The weaknesses of the research article discussed above can serve as important considerations for researchers who are planning to engage in a similar undertaking – they must evaluate a substantial body of literature to gain insight into the currently available information and subsequently identify knowledge gaps. Moreover, future randomised clinical studies in acupuncture should include a sham treatment to be able to consider potential placebo effects; and blinding of participants must be observed to eliminate bias. Bibliography Acupuncture. (2007). In The Columbia Encyclopedia (6th ed.). New York: Columbia University Press. Anderson, N.H., 2001. Empirical Direction in Design and Analysis. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. Badke, W.B., 2004. Research strategies: Finding your way through the information fog. (Second Edition). New York: iUniverse, Inc. British Medical Journal. Undated. Available from: http://resources.bmj.com/bmj/about-bmj. [Accessed: 18 April, 2008]. Brooten, D., 2006. Clinical Trails. In: Encyclopedia of Nursing Research (Second Edition). Joyce Fitzpatrick and Wallace, J.J., (Eds). New York: Springer Publishing Company. Caldwell, K., Henshaw, L., Taylor, G., 2005. Developing a framework for critiquing health research. Journal of Health, Social and Environmental Issues, 6(1), 45-54. Cohen, J., Cohen, P., West, S.G. and Aiken, L.S., 2003. Applied Multiple Regression / Correlation Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum. Grinnell, R. M., Unrau, Y. A., (Eds.), 2005. Social Work Research and Evaluation: Quantitative and Qualitative Approaches (7th ed.). New York: Oxford University Press. Peat, J. K. (Ed.), 2001. Health Science Research: A Handbook of Quantitative Methods. Crows Nest, N.S.W.: Allen Unwin. Sidell, N. L. , 1997. Adult Adjustment to Chronic Illness: A Review of the Literature. Health and Social Work, 22(1), 5+. Stommels, M., Wills, C.E., 2004. Clinical Research: Concepts and Principles for Advanced Practice Nurses. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams and Wilkins Vickers, A.J., Rees, R., Zollman, C.E., McCarney, R., Smith, C.M., Ellis, N., Fisher, P., 2004. Acupuncture for chronic headache in primary care: large, pragmatic, randomised trial. Available from: http://www.bmj.com/cgi/content/full/328/7442/744. [Accessed: 15 April 2008]. Appendix Figure 1Flow of Participants Through the Trial Source: Vickers, et al., 2004